Our Family History

The Genealogy of Robert and Christina Barritt

Abt 1658 - 1702 (~ 44 years)

	Date	Event(s)
1	1658	14 Jun 1658: England - Battle of the Dunes, Spanish defeated by Anglo- French army; acquisition of Dunkirk 3 Sep 1658: England - Oliver Cromwell dies; succeeded as Lord Protector by son Richard 3 Sep 1658: England - Richard Cromwell, Lord Protector. Ruler of England to 1659. Commonwealth & Proctorate: 3rd son of Oliver.
2	1659	1659: London, England - First cheque drawn 1659: America - The celebration of Christmas was banned in Boston (until 1681). The pilgrims believed it to be a decadent celebration. 2 Feb 1659: South Africa - Jan van Riebeeck, the first governor of the Cape of Good Hope made the first wine from grapes grown at the Cape. 25 May 1659: England - Richard Cromwell forced to resign by the army; 'Rump Parliament' restored
3	1660	1660: Furtwangen, Germany - Cuckoo clocks made in the Black Forest region. 1660: England - Charles II, ruler of England to 1685. House of Stuart (restored): Eldest son of Charles I, died without issue. De Jure King from 30 JAN 1649. 1660: England - Two houses of Parliament and Church of England restored, land returned to rightful owners; 'Dissenters' born (Quakers, Baptists, Congregationalists, etc.) 1660: New Amsterdan, America - Asser Levy from Portugal, applied for a license to sell kosher meat. He was the first kosher butcher in the city that was to become New York 29 May 1660: London, England - Charles II, aged 30, rides into London, people go mad with joy
4	1661	1661: England - Clarendon Code; 'Cavalier' Parliament of Charles II passes series of repressive laws against Nonconformists 1661: India - The English acquire Bombay 1661: England - Laws permitting burning of heretics repealed (during period to 1665)
5	1662	1662: England - Boyle, using a vacuum pump of his own invention, determined that the volume and pressure of a gas are inversely proportional 1662: England - John Graunt, in Observations upon the Bills of Mortality, using London population data, noted that life expectancy is 27 years, with nearly two thirds dying before 16 years. 1662: England - Act of Uniformity passed 1662: London, England - Royal Society founded
6	1663	1663: England - James Gregory invents the first reflecting telescope.
7	1664	1664: New Amsterdan, America - England siezes New Amsterdam from the Dutch, changes name to New York
8	1665	1665: Netherlands - Great Plague kills 1/5 London population; 1665: Germany - Rudolph Jacob Camerarius was born. A botanist, he showed the existence of sexes in plants, and identified the stamen and pistil as the male and female organs.
9	1666	1666: England - First European printed paper banknote issued 1666: London, England - The Great Fire of London began in the shop of the King's baker. After burning for four days, more than 13,000 buildings had been destroyed.
10	1667	1667: Medway River, Kent - Dutch fleet defeats the English
11	1668	1668: Europe - Triple Alliance of England, Netherlands, and Sweden against France 1668: England - Isaac Newton invents a reflecting telescope.
12	1669	1669: England - Isaac Newton circulated a manuscript, De analysi per aequationes numero terminorum infinitas, the first notice of his calculus.
13	1670	1670: England - Secret Treaty of Dover between Charles II of England and Louis XIV of France to restore Roman Catholicism to England 1670: America - Hudson's Bay Company founded 1670: France - Dom P 1670: England - Over a 20 year period 80,000 Huguenots come to England, majority are silk workers, by 1689 40,000 families make living by silk 1670: Cologne, Germany - At Cologne Cathedral, the choirmaster makes sugar sticks to give to the young singers in the choir, to keep them occupied during the Living Cr
14	1671	1671: England - Game Laws prevent majority of citizens from hunting, even on their own land 1671: Germany - Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz invents a calculating machine.
15	1672	1672: England - Third Anglo-Dutch war (until 1674) 1672: Netherlands - William of Orange becomes ruler
16	1673	1673: England - Test Act aims to deprive English Roman Catholics and Nonconformists of public office 1673: America - The White Horse Tavern in Rhode Island was built. It is the oldest operating tavern in the United States.
17	1674	1674: England - Hennig Brand discovered phosphorus in a distillation of human urine 1674: Netherlands - Anton van Leeuwenhoek reported his discovery of protozoa, using his newly-devised microscope 1674: England - Treaty of Westminster between England and the Netherlands
18	1675	1675: America - King Philip's War: New England colonies vs Wampanoag, Narragansett and Nipmuck Indians 1675-1676. 1675: Netherlands - Christiaan Huygens patents the pocket watch. 23 Dec 1675: England - Charles II issued a proclamation suppressing Coffee Houses. The public response was so negative that he revoked it on January 8, 1676.
19	1676	1676: England - Robert Hooke invents the universal joint. 1676: Paris, France - Compagnie de Limonadiers vendors sold lemonade from tanks they carried on their backs - these were the first soft drinks.
20	1677	1677: Netherlands - William III, ruler of the Netherlands, marries Mary, daughter of James, Duke of York, heir to the English throne
21	1678	1678: England - Popish Plot in England; Titus Oates falsely alleges a Catholic plot to murder Charles II 1678: England - John Bunyan (1628-1688) publishes Pilgrim's Progress
22	1679	1679: England - Act of Habeas Corpus passed, forbidding imprisonment without trial; Parliament's Bill of Exclusion against the Roman Catholic James, Duke of York blocked by Charles II; Parliament dismissed; Charles II rejects petitions calling for a new Parliament; petitioners become known as Whigs; their opponents (royalists) known as Tories 1679: France - Denis Papin, a French physicist invented the pressure cooker, which he called Papin's Digester.
23	1680	1680: America - Pennsylvania founded by William Penn for oppressed Quakers 1680: England - Moves to remove Charles II's brother James from succession persist through into 1681 (because he married an Italian and converted to Catholicism) and replace with Charles's illegitimate son, also Charles;civil war between Tories and Whigs narrowly averted
24	1681	1681: England - Whigs reintroduce Exclusion Bill; Charles II dissolves Parliament 1681: Glasgow, Scotland - College of Physicians founded
25	1685	1685: England - Rebellion by Charles II's illegitimate son, the Duke of Monmouth, against James II is put down 1685: England - Death of Charles II 1685: England - James II, ruler of England to 1689. House of Stuart (restored): 2nd son of Charles I. Deposed 1688, interregnum Dec 11, 1688, to Feb 13, 1689.
26	1686	1686: England - James II disregards Test Act; Roman Catholics appointed to public office
27	1687	1687: England - Isaac Newton publishes Principia Mathematica 4 Apr 1687: England - James II issues Declaration of Liberty of Conscience, extends toleration to all religions
28	1688	1688: England - Edward Lloyd's coffee house opens in England 1688: England - England's Glorious Revolution; William III of Orange is invited to save England from Roman Catholicism, lands in England, James II flees to France 1688: England - Gregory King's Tables (from Charles Davenant's Works, 1771), estimates over one million people (nearly 20% of pop.) in occasional receipt of alms, mostly in form of public relief from parish 1688: England - William Cheselden was born. An English surgeon and teacher, he was one of the first to describe the role of saliva in digestion.
29	1689	1689: England - Convention Parliament issues Bill of Rights; establishes a constitutional monarchy in Britain; bars Roman Catholics from the throne; Toleration Act grants freedom of worship to dissenters in England; Grand Alliance of the League of Augsburg, England, and the Netherlands 1689: Londonderry, Ireland - Catholic forces loyal to James II land from France and lay siege 1689: England - King William's War: English Colonies vs France 1689-1697. 13 Feb 1689: England - William III and Mary II, rulers of England to 1702. House of Stuart (restored): Son of William, Prince of Orange, by Mary, daughter of Charles I. Mary eldest daughter of James II. She died 1694.
30	1690	1690: Ireland - Battle of the Boyne: James II defeated, flees into exile 1690: India - The English found Calcutta 1690: England - John Locke's Essay Concerning Human Understanding 1690: Salem, Massachusetts - The first shipment of bananas arrived in the colonies
31	1691	3 Oct 1691: Limerick, Ireland - The Treaty of Limerick allows Catholics in Ireland to exercise their religion freely, but severe penal laws soon follow. The French War begins
32	1692	1692: England - Retribution against Catholics who helped James II until 1710, lands confiscated, given to Protestants; harsh laws passed against Catholic religion and trade 13 Feb 1692: Glencoe, Scotland - The Glencoe Massacre occurs 3 Aug 1692: England - Battle of Steinkirk and Battle of Lande (against France), both defeats for England, through into 1693
33	1693	1693: England - Richest counties: Middlesex (with London), Surrey, Hertfordshire, Bedfordshire, Buckinghamshire, Berkshire, Oxfordshire, Northamptonshire; Poorest Counties: Cheshire, Derbyshire, Yorkshire, Lancashire, Northumberland, Durham, Cumberland
34	1694	1694: England - Death of Queen Mary; King William now rules alone. 1694: England - Foundation of the Bank of England 1694: England - Triennial Act sets the maximum duration of a parliament to three years
35	1695	1695: England - Lapse of the Licensing Act
36	1697	1697: England - Peace of Ryswick between the allied powers of the League of Augsburg and France ends the French War 1697: England - Civil List Act votes funds for the maintenance of the Royal Household 1697: England - Blasphemy Act in England 10 Nov 1697: England - Birth of William Hogarth (died 1764), bitter satirical artist of great genius, chronicling social evils of the times
37	1698	1698: England - Thomas Savery patented an engine which produced a vacuum by condensing steam. It was employed for raising water from a mine and supplying water to several country houses. 1698: Russia - Tsar Peter the Great begins taxing men with beards
38	1699	23 May 1699: America - John Bartram was born. A naturalist and explorer, considered 'father of American botany'; established a world renowned botanical garden in Philadelphia in 1728.
39	1700	1700: England - Population of England and Wales estimated at 5.5 million 1700: England - Population of English colonies in America, 200,000
40	1701	1701: England - The Act of Settlement settles the Royal Succession on the Protestant descendants of Sophia of Hanover. William III forms a grand alliance between England, Holland and Austria to prevent the union of the Spanish and French crowns. The War of the Spanish Succession breaks out in Europe over the vacant throne 1701: England - Death of James II in exile, King Louis of France recognises James's son as King James III 1701: England - Jethro Tull invents the seed drill.
41	1702	1702: England - Death of King William III in a riding accident. He is succeeded by his sister-in-law. 1702: England - Queen Anne, ruler of England to 1714. House of Stuart (restored): 2nd daughter of James II. Died with no living heirs. 1702: England - Queen Anne's War: England declares war on France as part of the War of the Spanish Succession. English Colonies vs France 1702-1713. 1702: England - England tries to prevent grandson of Louis of France from taking Spanish throne; John Churchill, Duke of Marlborough, instrumental in uniting England, Holland, Austria and Germany against France (period to 1713) 1702: England - Freehold yeomen represent one eigth of population of England. Substantial tenant farmers represent a little less; coffee houses become popular

Our Family History

The Genealogy of Robert and Christina Barritt

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