Our Family History

The Genealogy of Robert and Christina Barritt

1532 - 1575 (43 years)

	Date	Event(s)
1	1532	1532: England - Sir Thomas More resigns over the question of Henry VIII's divorce
2	1533	1533: England - King granted divorce by his new Archbishop of Canterbury (Thomas Cranmer), marries Anne Boleyn, Elizabeth born, declared heir to throne, Mary set aside; monasteries dissolved; Pope excommunicates Henry VIII and Cranmer
3	1534	1534: England - Act of Supremacy: Henry VIII declared supreme head of the Church of England 1534: America - Jacques Cartier enters the St. Lawrence River. Land in Great Lakes claimed for France 23 Dec 1534: Germany - Otto Brunfels died. He was a botanist, author of Herbarum vivae eicones ('Living Pictures of Herbs'), one of the first great herbals. His work is considered to be a bridge between ancient and modern botany.
4	1535	1535: England - Publication of first authorised translation of Bible (the Coverdale Bible) 22 Jun 1535: England - Heretics still being burned; this year 25 Anabaptists burned in one day; John Fisher, Bishop of Rochester beheaded under new Treasons Act 6 Jul 1535: England - Sir Thomas More is beheaded in Tower of London for failing to take the Oath of Supremacy
5	1536	1536: England - Anne Boleyn is beheaded; Henry VIII marries Jane Seymour; dissolution of monasteries in England begins under the direction of Thomas Cromwell, completed in 1539. 1536: England - Pilgrimage of Grace, rising in Lincolnshire and the North, action for restoration of monasteries
6	1537	1537: England - Jane Seymour dies after the birth of a son, the future Edward VI
7	1539	1539: England - Remaining monasteries dissolved; wealth taken and used for Oxford and Cambridge, among other things; result almost 1/4 of land in England given to new owners, creates buyer's market 1539: America - Hernando De Soto claimed Florida for Spain 15 Nov 1539: Glastonbury, England - Dissolution of Glastonbury Abbey; buildings torched and looted by king's men; Abbot Richard Whyting is executed by hanging atop Glastonbury Tor.
8	1540	1540: England - Henry VIII marries Anne of Cleves following negotiations by Thomas Cromwell; Henry divorces Anne of Cleves and marries Catherine Howard; Thomas Cromwell executed on charge of treason
9	1541	1541: Italy - Giambattista Canano published illustrations of each muscle and its relation with the bones.
10	1542	1542: England - Catherine Howard is executed
11	1543	1543: England - Henry VIII marries Catherine Parr; alliance between Henry and Charles V (Holy Roman Emperor) against Scotland and France
12	1544	1544: Europe - Tomatoes reach Europe. It is unclear where tomatoes may have been first domesticated but the two main possibilities are Peru and Mexico. The wild forms may have originated in either area, but it was the indigenous peoples of Mexico that first cultivated them. In fact, the common name tomato comes from tomatl, the word for this plant in the Nahuatl language of Mexico. 1544: France - Henry VIII and Charles V invade France 1544: England - Henry VIII orders English translation of Bible placed in every parish church; Litany said in English for first time; Pope declares Henry deposed, supported by all Catholic princes, particularly France and Scotland; Henry builds 70-ship navy, arms people, fortifies coast
13	1546	1546: England - Girolamo Fracastoro published the idea that diseases were caused by disease-specific seeds that could multiply within the body and be transmitted directly from person to person or directly on contaminated objects, even over long distance; moreover, he proposed that variations in the intensity of epidemics could be attributed to changes in the virulence of germs
14	1547	1547: England - Henry VIII outlaws vagabondage; 9/10 of pop. estimated to be rural, average Tudor town = about 3,000 people; debasement of coinage leads to 25% inflation, further debasement by Somerset leads to prices almost double within two years, average person hardly affected but export woollen cloth trade doubles 1547: England - Edward VI, ruler of England to 1553. House of Tudor: Son of Henry VIII, by Jane Seymour, his 3rd queen. Ruled under regents. 28 Jan 1547: England - Death of Henry VIII 10 Sep 1547: Scotland - England wins Battle of Pinkie, Scots driven even further into French camp, Mary Queen of Scots escapes to France, marries King's son
15	1548	1548: England - Enclosure Commission convened
16	1549	1549: England - Introduction of uniform Protestant service in England based on Edward VI's Book of Common Prayer 1549: England - Parliament imprisons Somerset, Smith and Cecil; Warwick and Wriothesley now in power; Enclosure Commission lapses
17	1550	1550: England - Fall of Duke of Somerset; Duke of Northumberland succeeds as Protector 1550: Europe - Wallpaper arrives in Europe from China 1550: England - Increased cost of producing woollen cloth and saturation of export market causes downturn; coinage devalued 50%; sales fall from 132,000 in 1550 to 85,000 in 1552; Parliament passes laws regulating industry, imposing 7-year apprenticeships, but depression gets worse 1550: England - John Dudley, Duke of Northumberland brings in many foreign Protestants for positions in English Church; bullies Princess Mary(Catholic), imprisons leading Catholics and gives remaining Church lands to friends (to 1553) 1550: Turkey - Supposedly, the first chocolate arrived in Europe.
18	1551	1551: England - Archbishop Cranmer publishes Forty-two Articles of religion 1551: England - Thomas Gresham appointed King's Merchant (Agent) in Antwerp, becomes nation's financial wizard
19	1552	22 Jan 1552: England - Duke of Somerset executed
20	1553	1553: England - On death of Edward VI, Lady Jane Grey proclaimed queen of England by Duke of Northumberland, her reign lasts nine days; Mary I, daughter of Henry VIII and Catherine of Aragon, Queen of England (to 1558); Restoration of Roman Catholic bishops in England 1553: England - Mary I (Bloody Mary) is determined to restore Pope to head England's Church,imprisons all new Church leaders, re-establishes Catholic services everywhere; Mary marries Prince Philip of Spain, sparks failed Kent rebellion led by Sir Thomas Wyatt 1553: Italy - Prospero Alpini was born. A physician and botanist, he is said to have introduced coffee and bananas to Europe and to have been the first to artificially fertilize date palms.
21	1554	1554: England - Laws against burning heretics repealed
22	1555	1555: England - Protestants are persecuted and about 300, including Archbishop Cranmer, are burned at the stake 1555: England - Michel de Notredame or Nostradamus published his book of prophecies Centuries Asrtologiques and Excellent er Moult Utile Opuscule a tous necessaire qui desirent avoir connaissance de plusieurs exq uises recettes ('An excellent and most useful little work essential to all who wish to become acquainted with some exquisite recipes').
23	1558	1558: France - Philip drags England into war with France, Calais is lost; Mary I dies of dropsy, leaving no heir 1558: England - Elizabeth I, ruler of England to 1603. House of Tudor: Daughter of Henry VIII, by Anne Boleyn. 1558: England - William Cecil (later Lord Burghley), the Queen's closest advisor, assists Elizabeth in passing laws making monarch head of Church, making English prayer book only one, and generally laying foundations of Church of England as known today 5 Mar 1558: England - Francisco Fernandes supposedly introduced smoking tobacco to Europe.
24	1559	1559: Rome, Italy - Pope Paul IV issues Index of Forbidden Books 1559: Scotland - John Knox returns aflame with Calvinism
25	1560	1560: Treaty of Edinburgh among England, France, and Scotland 1560: England - Gaspard Bauhin was born. Swiss botanist who developed a binomial system of plant classification. He published Pinax Theatri Botanici, which was a compilation that included over 6,000 species that had appeared in works from Theophrastus, Dioscorides and many later herbals.
26	1561	1561: Scotland - Mary Queen of Scots, now widowed, returns to Scotland, finds new Church of Scotland is Presbyterian, not Catholic, not well received by Covenanters
27	1562	1562: West Indies - John Hawkins emulates Spanish ferrying slaves from West Africa to West Indies, is attacked by Spanish at San Juan de Ulua; Sir Francis Drake joins with Hawkins in raids on Spanish shipping, they return with great plunder (to 1563) Oct 1562: England - Elizabeth I survives smallpox
28	1563	1563: England - The Thirty-nine Articles, which complete establishment of the Anglican Church 1563: England - Statute of Artificers: planned recruitment and control of labour and wages
29	1564	26 Apr 1564: England - Baptism of William Shakespeare
30	1565	1565: England - Lead pencil invented 1565: England - Mary Queen of Scots marries Lord Darnley, gives birth to son (later James I of England, VI of Scotland)
31	1567	1567: England - Murder of Lord Darnley, husband of Mary Queen of Scots, probably by Earl of Bothwell; Mary Queen of Scots marries Bothwell, is imprisoned, and forced to abdicate; James VI, King of Scotland 1567: Italy - Genoese sailors begin wearing trousers made of twill cloth.
32	1568	1568: England - Mary Queen of Scots escapes to England and is imprisoned by Elizabeth I at Fotheringay Castle 1568: England - Mary Queen of Scots imprisoned until 1587 (partly in Sheffield Castle), constantly plots overthrow of Elizabeth 1568: England - The Dean of St. Paul's Cathedral developed a method to bottle beer.
33	1569	1569: France - Gerard de Cremer, better known as Gerardus Mercator, published the projection map of the world which bears his name. 1569: England - Short-lived northern insurrection in favour of Mary Queen of Scots
34	1575	1575: England - English trade booms (to 1585)

Our Family History

The Genealogy of Robert and Christina Barritt

Robert VON MEERSCHEIDT GENANNT HUELLESSEM